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The Evolution Site The theory of natural selection as the basis of evolution is the defining factor in modern biology. It brings together disciplines like microbiology, palaeontology, genetics and palaeontology. The study of evolution may be controversial, and the misinformation that comes from it can lead to confusion about its basic concepts. This Web site helps to clarify the fundamental concepts. What is Evolution? Modern evolutionary theory focuses on the gradual and cumulative changes that take place in populations over time. These changes are the result of natural selection. This is a process which increases the number of organisms that have beneficial traits, which help them to survive and reproduce in specific environments. This means that these organisms have more offspring than those that don't possess the beneficial characteristics. This can cause a genetic change that may eventually lead to new species. The term “evolution” is often associated with the notion of “survival of the strongest,” which implies that those people who are most well-adapted to a particular environment will have an advantage over those who aren't adapted to the environment. This is just one of many ways that evolution could happen. Another way of using the word evolution is to suggest that a species can change from one state to the next. This kind of view can be referred to as anagenetic or cladogenesis. The scientific definition of evolution does not support this view. Instead, the scientific theory of evolution concentrates on the changes that happen in populations over time and these changes are the result of mutations that produce genomic variation and natural selection. Certain scientists, including the great Charles Darwin, advocated this theory of evolution. Alfred Russel Wallace who developed the macroevolution theory believed this was the only way that higher forms of living could have evolved. To be able to be referred to as a theory, it must be capable of standing up to rigorous tests and evidence. The evidence of evolution has stood the test of time and has been backed by numerous studies in various sciences, from biology to geology to chemistry to astronomy. Evolution is a fundamental concept in science and is believed by a majority of scientists across the globe. However, there are many misconceptions about the nature of the theory of evolution, particularly how it relates to religion. What is the Theory of Evolution? Evolution is the scientific explanation for how living things change over time. It is based on a few well-established facts: that many more offspring are produced than can survive, that individuals differ in their physical traits and they can transmit traits to future generations. These findings are backed by a growing body of evidence drawn from molecular biology, palaeontology climatology functional morphology geology. The theory of evolution through natural selection was developed independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-19th century to provide an explanation for why organisms are adapted to their physical and biological environment. It is today the most supported and most extensively tested theory in all of science. Its predictions were proved by the fact that for instance, more complex organisms have fewer genetic mutations. The more successful an organism gets in terms of survival and reproducing the more likely it will pass its genes on to future generations. Some people are against evolution because they believe that it implies that there is no reason to life. However, many scientists who are also religious such as the renowned Cambridge palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris, believe that evolution is not just compatible with belief in God but also enhances it (BioLogos 2014). 에볼루션 룰렛 have been involved in constructing and testing the theory of evolution, which includes several revered evangelical Christian leaders. Many of them have contributed to the understanding of a wide variety of phenomena including phylogenetics and genomics, and the development and purpose of fossils. The word “theory” which is often used incorrectly is a reference to a scientific hypotheses that have been tested and refined over time. Scientists test their theories by repeating the experiments or observations that have led to them. The theory of evolution has been repeatedly proven out, as have the related theories of Copernican, germ and atomic theory. What is the Process of Evolution? The process of evolution is the gradual shift over time in the ratio of genetically distinct individuals within a specific species. 에볼루션 룰렛 is the result of natural selection, which favors individuals who are more adapted to their environment. The more adapted individuals have better chances of reproduction and survival. As more people survive and reproduce, their genes become more prevalent in the general population. This is often called “survival of the most fittest.” According to theories of evolution the mutations that cause genomic variation are what drives evolutionary change. These mutations could occur at random or under the influence of the environment. When mutations are random, the frequencies of the resulting alleles may vary from generation to generation. When a mutation is beneficial it can increase the frequency of the allele, which causes it to spread throughout the population. Over time, these shifts in the frequencies of alleles can lead to the formation of new species. The new species could continue to evolve and become newer forms. This is known as macroevolution. The creation of a new species is often caused by changes in the environment which provide certain types of resources available or create new environmental challenges. For example, the evolution of finches on the Galapagos Islands is a result of the abundance of food sources and the need to protect themselves from predators. In a wider sense, evolution can be defined as any change in the character of living organisms over time. This change can be subtle, like the development of new colors or dramatic, like the development of an organ. Scientists who believe in evolution theory generally believe that genetic change is crucial in the process of generating evolution. They also acknowledge that the process of evolution happens over a long period of time, usually millions of years. They differ in the importance of various factors that may speed up or slow down this process. For instance the role played by sexual selection, environmental pressures and mutation bias. Despite these differences, the majority of scientists are still convinced that evolution is real and the evidence to support this is overwhelming. What is the Evidence of Evolution? Since Darwin's time, scientists have collected evidence to back his theory of evolution. A portion of this evidence comes from fossils, which demonstrate the changing features of living organisms over time. Another evidence comes from the similarities between living organisms embryology, biogeography genetics and comparative anatomy. The primary evidence of evolution is in the evolutionary tree, which demonstrates how species are related. Homologous structures are another proof. They share a similar structure but perform different functions in different species, such as the wing of a bird or bat. The fact that different species evolve and adapt to the same environment is also evidence of evolution. For instance, arctic-foxes and ptarmigans have seasonal white pelts that blend in with snow and ice. This is a type of convergent evolution that suggests that the species has common ancestors. Another piece of evidence is the existence of vestige structures, which are unused organs that may have served a purpose in a distant ancestor. For instance, the human appendix is remnants of an earlier organ used to digest food. Natural selection causes these structures to shrink as they are no longer used. Scientists have also gathered additional evidence of evolution through observation and experimentation. The evidence for evolution is grouped into six categories: directly observed small-scale changes in biogeographic distribution, comparative anatomy, the fossil record, genetics, and classification. Each of these provides convincing evidence that the evolution of life took place. Many people are misinformed about the theory of evolution. However, it is a fact. It is not a theory, but a significant collection of evidence founded on decades of observation. Scientists continue to gather and study new information to better understand the history of Earth's evolution regardless of whether people believe in the theory of evolution or not. This information will aid scientists to understand how to avoid future global catastrophes and how to best utilize the resources of our planet. This information will also help us better meet the needs and wants of all the people living on this planet.