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The Theory of Evolution The theory of evolution is based on the assumption that certain traits are passed on more often than others. These traits make it easier to reproduce and survive for individuals, which is why their number tends to increase as time passes. Scientists have a better understanding of how this process operates. A study of the clawed frog has revealed that duplicate genes can perform different purposes. Evolution is a natural process Natural selection is the process that leads to organisms evolving to be best adjusted to the environment they live in. It is one of the major processes of evolution that is accompanied by mutations, migrations, and genetic drift. The ones with traits that help reproduction and survival are more likely to pass these characteristics onto their children, resulting in gradual changes in gene frequencies over time. This results in new species being formed and existing species being altered. In the 19th century, Charles Darwin formulated a scientific theory that outlined how biological organisms developed over time. The theory is based on the idea that more offspring than could survive are produced and that these offspring compete for resources in their surroundings. This creates an “evolutionary struggle” in which those who have the best traits win and others are eliminated. The offspring that survives transmit these genes to their children. This gives them an advantage over other species. Over time, the population of organisms with these advantageous traits increases. However, it's difficult to understand the mechanism by which natural selection can produce new characteristics if its main purpose is to eliminate unfit individuals. Furthermore, click through the following article of natural selection eliminate genetic variation within populations. Natural selection is unlikely to create new traits without the involvement of other forces. Mutation, genetic drift, and migration are the main forces of evolution that alter gene frequencies and lead to evolution. Sexual reproduction and the fact each parent transmits half of their genes to each child increases the speed of these processes. These genes are known as alleles, and they may have different frequencies among individuals of the same species. The allele frequencies that result determine whether the trait is dominant or recessive. A mutation is simply an alteration to the DNA code of an organism. The mutation causes certain cells to develop, grow and become a distinct organism while others do not. Mutations can also increase the frequency of the existing alleles or create new alleles. The new alleles are passed to the next generation and eventually become dominant phenotypes. Natural selection is the foundation of evolution Natural selection is an easy process that alters the populations of living organisms over time. It is the result of heritable phenotypic variation as well as the possibility of differential reproduction. These factors create the situation that people who have beneficial characteristics are more likely survive and reproduce more than those who don't. This process eventually results in a change in the gene pool to ensure that it is more closely matched to the environment where individuals reside. Darwin's “survival-of-the fittest” is an underlying concept. This process is based on the assumption that different traits allow individuals to adapt to their environments. Adaptive traits increase the likelihood of individuals to survive and reproduce, and also produce a large number of offspring. BioMed Central states that this will eventually lead to the trait spread throughout the population. In the end all members of the population will have the trait, and the population will change. This is referred to as evolution. Those with less-adaptive characteristics will die off or will not be able to produce offspring and their genes won't make it into future generations. As time passes, genetically modified organisms are more likely to dominate the population. They may also evolve into new species. It is not a sure thing. The environment may change abruptly and make the changes obsolete. Another factor that may affect the course of evolution is sexual selection, where certain traits are chosen because they improve an individual's chances of mating with other. This can result in odd phenotypes like brightly colored plumage of birds or the huge antlers of deer. These phenotypes are not necessarily useful to the organism, but they can increase the chances of survival and reproduction. Another reason that some students misunderstand natural selection is that they mistake it for soft inheritance. Although soft inheritance isn't an essential condition for evolution, it is a key element of it. This is due to the fact that it allows for the random modification of DNA and the creation of new genetic variants that are not immediately useful to the organism. These mutations become the basis on which natural selection takes action. Genetics is the basis of evolution Evolution is a natural process that causes changes in the traits inherited of a species over time. It is influenced by a variety of factors, such as mutation and gene flow, genetic drift and horizontal gene transfer. The relative frequency of alleles within a population can also affect the development. This allows for the selection of an advantage in new environments. The theory of evolutionary change is a fundamental idea in biology with profound implications on our understanding of life. Darwin's ideas, along with Linnaeus notions of relation and Lamarck theories about inheritance, changed the way traits are passed down from parent to child. Darwin believed that parents passed on traits inherited from their parents by their choice or lack of use but instead they were either favored or disfavored by the environment they lived in, and passed the information to their offspring. Darwin called this natural selection, and in his book The Origin of Species he explained how this might lead to the evolution of new species of species. Genetic changes, or mutations, occur randomly in the DNA of a cell. These mutations can result in various phenotypic characteristics including hair color and eye color, and are affected by a variety of environmental factors. Some phenotypic characteristics are controlled by more than one gene, and some are characterized by multiple alleles. For instance, blood type (A B or O) has three alleles. Modern Synthesis is a framework that blends Darwinian theories of evolution with Mendel's genetics. It combines macroevolutionary changes discovered in fossil records with microevolutionary processes such as genetic mutation and trait-selection. Macroevolution takes a long period to complete and is only visible in fossil records. Microevolution, on the other hand is a process which is more rapid and can be observed in living organisms. Microevolution is driven by mutation and genetic selection which are smaller scales than macroevolution. It is also enhanced by other mechanisms such as gene flow, or horizontal gene transfer. The process of evolution is based on chance The idea that evolution occurs by chance is an argument that has been used for decades by those who oppose evolution. However, this argument is flawed and it is important to understand the reason. One reason is that the argument conflates randomness and contingency. This error originates from a misreading the nature of biological contingency, as described by Stephen Jay Gould. He believed that genetic information doesn't grow randomly, but also depends on past events. He based his argument on the fact that DNA is a copy of genes, which are themselves dependent on other molecules. In other terms there is a causality behind every biological process. The argument is also flawed due to its dependence on the physical laws and the practice of science. These statements are not just not logically sound, but also false. The science practice presupposes that causal determinism is not strict enough to accurately predict all natural events. In his book, Brendan Sweetman aims to give a balanced, accessible introduction to the relationship between evolutionary theory and Christian theology. He is more of a patient than a flamboyant writer and this is in keeping with his goals, which include separating the scientific status of evolutionary theory from its religious implications, and cultivating the ability to think clearly about an issue that is controversial. The book might not be as comprehensive as it should be, but it still gives an excellent overview of the debate. It also clarifies that evolutionary theory is a firmly-proven scientific theory that is widely accepted by experts in the field and worthy of the rational approval. The book is not as convincing when it comes to whether God has any role in evolution. Trading Pokemon with other trainers is a great way to save Candy and time. The cost of developing certain Pokemon through the traditional method, such as Feebas is cut down by trading them with other players. This is particularly helpful for high level Pokemon that require a lot Candy to develop.